Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Potted bonsai cultivation techniques

 One relationship with the environment of potted flowers

living environment of plants is the soil, water, light, temperature. Potted flowers is no exception.

(1) Soil: Soil is an indispensable survival of each plant's base, especially the vast majority of potted flowers, are rich in minerals of the soil needs.

general, there are three types of soil: the acid soil (PH value of less than 7), neutral soil (PH value is equal to 7), alkaline soil (PH value is greater than 7). Southern Flowers mostly hi acidic soil and neutral flowers flowers, flowers less hi alkaline soil. South PH value of soil potted flowers usually 5.5 to 6.5, more appropriate, flowers are growing well.

Here are a few potted flowers of the cultivated soil.

requirements of potted flowers cultivated soil loose, breathable, water, fertilizer, not water. Natural potting soil are: sandy red sandstone mountains, pond scum humus soil, peat soil (ie, coal, grass land) and so are several. Need to pass to the other two synthetic (ie, mixed in proportion), such as: humus soil and sandy red soil mixed in a 2:1 ratio of cultivated land, cultivation of spring lines, Monstera, green radish, green giant, goose palm wood, colorful Zhu banana, taro fruit together (red, green stones), etc., referred to as double-soil. Another example: artificial bacteria waste (materials must be crushed corn or rice bran bars, beans bran material) pond scum or a mountain of red sand, river sand or perlite, mixed with the ratio of 3:2:1 of soil cultivation, cultivation of iron in Brazil (Dracaena fragrans), a variety of orchids, velvet,UGG shoes, arrowroot and so on. Containing nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Calcium (Ca) and other inorganic salts, fungicides, plant fiber and other nutrients needed flowers, planting can be a long time do not need fertilizer applied for soil, is ideal for indoor flower planting soil.

(2) Temperature and light: a variety of different plants by altitude distribution of the different plants, each plant forming a suitable area (residential environment), the different residential environment, flowers, the temperature required , humidity, light hours are also different. From tropical to subtropical species cited false nut, spot M, Mann green velvet, Pachira etc., suitable for indoor and outdoor cultivation in tropical areas, go to the subtropical, due to the strong ultraviolet radiation money, summer burns easily; susceptible to frost in winter cold bad, not in the wild winter, must be moved into greenhouses or indoor.

(3) Water: Water is the lifeblood of plants, each with different needs for water plants. Such as: orchids, tea and Gramineae three plants, each subject of several plants in the water demand of a similar, but they vary in terms of large families. Orchids are negative flowers, tea plants are semi-negative, the two families of flowers on the water demand to be less than the grass, grass flower plants flower most positive, Division of the different species of flower plants different requirements on the water.

in central Yunnan, flower water supply, the different changes with the seasons: spring and early summer to autumn to early winter this time, high temperatures, rainfall, plant growth vigorous, large water demand growth, water should be chosen sooner or later, to avoid burns. Since this time the indoor air humidity flowers large, indoor leaf transpiration was smaller, only about 10 days to be a permeable water. From the first frost, when the ice comes to the following spring (ie late spring) this time, air drying, low temperature, water temperature is relatively low, water should try to choose sunny afternoon. Watering indoor foliage plants to be especially careful, and poured the water temperature must be indoor flower 25 ℃ -38 ℃ between can be used.

Second, the flower breeding

divided into two kinds of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

(1) sexual reproduction; is through sexual (fertilization) process has been the seed for the propagation of new individuals. To get good seed plants must have good parents, and the seeds collected from superior strains of reasonable storage. Some must be with the on-demand broadcast. Such as: star anise, yellow orchids, tree ferns cedar,UGG boots clearanc, tree of heaven and so on. Seed storage must be placed in a cool, ventilated, dry room. Pine, fir, cypress, and grass seeds, storage for one year. Bulb flower bulbs to six months is limited, such as freesia, white together, tuberose (herb), Tang calamus and so on.

(2) asexual reproduction: the use of vegetative propagation organs, the method includes: cutting, split-root, layering, grafting, tissue culture, make it a new plant. Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea), Begonia variety of papaya, cherry, plum colored (3), oleander, rose, rose, juniper, boxwood, rose, gardenia, bamboo, crape myrtle and so on. Asexual reproduction varieties of flowers, it will affect the survival rate due to seasonal changes. Bamboo, newspaper correspondent Branch, Bougainvillea, oleander, jasmine, violet Teng, crape myrtle, etc. from the higher survival in spring, autumn to establish legislation before the Rosaceae, Salicaceae higher survival rate, Bougainvillea to very low survival rate after the autumn breeding. To improve the survival rate, you can use the following hormones, ie: flower hormone, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, α-Chennai acetic acid, indole butyric acid, ethylene, and growth delay agent.

Third, the classification of potted flowers, potted plants

Yiliang flowers at this stage, based on biological characteristics and requirements of commercial production, can be divided into three types: the positive flowers, flowers and the negative of flowers.

(1) positive Flowers: usually in a strong light to grow strong, such as: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea that) more than 10 species of white orchids (Burma Osmanthus), Osmanthus fragrans (3), authority arrow lotus (2 species), blue crabs, cacti (3), cactus, Milan, banana smile, Araucaria, boxwood (4), Rose (10 species), Rose (4), five-needle pine, cypress, Chrysanthemum (105 species), Purple Tang (2), cherry (3), winter cherry (small Yang Chun), Edgeworthia, tiger Cimei, paniculata, Magnolia (3) Germany Blue (2), domestica, spring of, poinsettia, sage, cypress (6), Gardenia (2 species), bamboo Kwai (5 species), bamboo Gui, Best Yan Ju, the Chinese Carnation, Carnation, Carnation (7 ), bamboo (5), Cosmos, Rudbeckia hirta, Marigold (3), Calendula officinalis, Canna, Sweet William (5 color) of gold in the grass, hibiscus (3), freesia, wood sorrel ( 2), bubble battle flowers, woody stars, yucca, mountain magnolia, at magnolia, loquat, Rose (5), safflower Manglietia, plums, tangerines, Portugal to Parker, red coral, Xin Begonia, Tau Hwang, save rations, Hypericum, pomegranate (5) species and so on.

(2) negative flowers: usually in the shade more than 50% degree of low-light conditions to normal growth and development, such as: spring line, Monstera, sham chewing (only Yiliang), dragon's blood incense tree (only Yiliang), co-fruit lines (red, green stones), green radish, green velvet, over mountain dragon, lucky bamboo, bean green, Strelitzia reginae, cyclamen (various), saxifrage, hanging bamboo plum, primrose, Cineraria, horse chestnut (only Yiliang), Pachira, Zongzhu (3), Schefflera, Belgium azalea, calla lily, ferns (various), begonias, high dry autumn camellia, crabapple, barbed Kwai (needles Kwai), Saw Palmetto, calla lily and so on.

(3) neutral has little flowers and light intensity, such as: plum (2), Serissa, show the ball, winter coral, violet, azalea (Rhododendron than outside), cycads (5), wind Xianhua, aspartate, how the wheat grass, butterfly vine, Ivy (3), Podocarpus, etc., between the positive and negative flower flower flower between the neutral, is a relative term, is not nothing to do with light.

four, potted flowers, potted flowers and plants are integral

divided herbaceous and woody, herbaceous flowers can often be an integer 2-3 times by pinching, pruning can be. The woody plants are passed several times topping. Abstract leaves, picking flowers, fruit picking, stripping bud, stripping bud, branch tied, plastic molding to complete the eight areas. Potted bonsai tree flowers are of flower, fruit bonsai, bonsai landscape, rocks bonsai, bonsai view of piles and so on. Among them, the concept of ornamental fruit bonsai does not need to spend a longer time, generally one to three years to complete, landscapes, rocks and watch the pile of three bonsai need more than three years to far into, and some take decades to complete all the modeling process.

five, potted flowers, potted flower cultivation management

divided into: Flowers and Plants, greenhouse flowers, contribute to and inhibit the cultivation, soilless culture of four, the first two is usually used.

(1) Flowers and Plants Cultivation and Management: including site preparation for bed, reproduction, thinning, transplanting, irrigation, fertilization, cultivation, weed and cosmetic trim, cold winter rotation.

annual flowers: mostly tropical flowers, or herbaceous flowers. Cold tolerance of tropical flowers is not strong, the case of frozen or dead. Biennial flowers, plants and flowers cold over a year to spring is appropriate. A fast degradation of biennial flowers, varieties of institutions in order to prevent mixing and biological mixing pine needles or sterilized after sowing, the grass cover, timely watering. To 10cm long and so when transplanting seedlings to enhance water and fertilizer management, timely pinching, leaf, flower, integer.

buried deep perennial flowers, grow strong, strong adaptability to withstand the adverse environment of natural ability. One plant can bear fruit for many years. Seedlings of loose soil rich in humus hi, hi, acidic soil after the second year, breeding of attention to water, fertilizer, cultivation, weed and other conservation measures. Year after planting, growing lush, spend more and large, the best facilities in the spring when new shoots out of dressing, a dressing applied before and after flowering, the plants after the autumn can be decomposed manure or compost around the facilities.

mostly cultivated flower bulbs to plant, and asked to choose to take the air ventilation, good drainage of land colonization. Depth of soil for planting soil, a purpose and type of vegetation varies, planting depth of usually 3 times higher than that of the ball.

water plants and flowers, mostly Division propagation, and large are not hardy, plant in early summer points, methods and perennial flowers similar.

(2) greenhouse flower cultivation management; greenhouse flowers Huanpen and interim management, and similar to planting flowers, fertilizing it did, greenhouse flower watering, because the environment in the greenhouse area is inconsistent with the outside world, thus water must be scientifically determine the number of watering time, watering. General Committee of the spring and summer water once every 3-4 days, autumn and winter, watering every 1-2 days 1. To each drenched.

(3) promote and inhibit cultivation: This method can be reminders, extended flowering season for the flower festival flower production and supply balance to provide a guarantee.

(4) soilless culture: including hydroponics, substrate culture method, and other soilless cultivation method.

(5) fertilization of flowers: flowers from the cultivated soil to draw a lot of nutrients, to meet their own needs. There are mainly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper ( Cu), boron (B), Meng (Mn), chromium (Cl), etc., carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C, H, O) form the main elements of flowers, accounting for more than 90% of dry weight, which from the air and soil available. Nitrogen,UGG boots, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) content in the soil can not meet the demand for flowers and trees, it must be complemented by regular fertilization; south of rain, calcium and magnesium (Ca, Mg) easily lost, but also appropriate increase supplement. Fertilization should be timely, adequate, less Shi Qin Shi. Orchid plant materials generally do not need fertilization. Potted flowers placed in the room put the amount of fat (Central Area nugget pot pots two cylinders) 10-30 tablets per pot fertilizer, fertilizer should not be placed on the base when the Ministry of fertilizer to avoid burning roots, and not conducive to absorption, Fertilizer should be applied at the edge of the basin, but also try not to dissolve in water, fertilizer scattered on the leaf surface and to avoid burning leaves. Applied 1-2 times a month spring and summer, autumn and winter, 1 month or facilities can be applied. Flowers and Plants for the outdoor temperature, and spring and summer heat sufficient water supplies are sufficient, growing fierce, the rain leaching loss of soil fertility and minerals more must continue to provide fertilizer and mineral supplement. Applied once a week, usually spring and summer, according to the specifications and plant pots the size of more than seven inches by 10 fertilizer per pot, four feet above the specifications of potted flowers, pot fertilizer can be increased to 10-20 tablets; two feet potted flowers the following specifications appropriate to reduce the amount of fertilizer, 4-5 tablets per pot.

six potted flowers flowers

pest control pest control principle is: Introduction of flowers, please do not put back to pests and pathogens, which is the flower production of a major problem, we must rise to the business sector, flower, flower lovers attention.

2, protection of natural enemies: such as ladybugs, aphids Ji Feng, aphid snail, so full of big red, there are a variety of ground and plant the spider and the toad, frogs, beneficial birds, etc., are protected column.

3, light Seduction Set: 24 pairs of black light trapping can be some pest phototaxis.

4, heat treatment: if harm daffodils,UGGs, tulips and other bulbs Tangchang thin Rhizoglyphus mites, hot water treatment can be carried out bulbs, soaked in water at 44 ℃ for 4 hours or at 45 ℃ hot water immersed 3 hours, you can kill all mites.

5, artificial capture: Family flowers can be used in this way.

6, Drug Control:

sucking mouthparts and prevention of major types of pests. aphid control methods such as the green peach aphid: ① in the field with a yellow plastic plate coated with heavy oil area induced powder . ② protection of natural enemies, except Ichneumonidae parasitic aphid, the aphid predatory snail, ladybug, there aphid pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms. ③ Drug Control: a, plant Pharmacy: 3% natural pyrethrins, rotenone 25%, 40% sulfuric smoke fine, can be interpreted as 800-1200 times, effective and safe; b, synthetic pyrethroids, such as: deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate, with its most effective content of 20% water can be 2000-3000 times, a quick knock down effect, but easy to produce resistance; c, 40% Acephate EC (H off P) 1000 times, 40% omethoate, the absorption within the guide is good, there is 2000 times 100 times 50-sprayed coating stems.

plants are the main types of sexually transmitted infection: damping-off disease: also known as damping-off, the main hazards of various plants, seedlings, control methods: ① thiram seed dressing with 0.3% sterilized. ② In the early stages, 50% of test spray Captan 500 times, or 75% of the chlorothalonil 800 times, spray 1-2 times, or 60% carbendazim sprayed twice a week, 500 times, each time every 3-4 days to curb its spread. Southern Blight (Sclerotium seedling disease of the base): Control Methods: ① 70% PCNB mixed soil. ② soil replacement. ③ rotation 4 years. ④ training by adding 50 kg of soil mixed with 0.7 thousand Ke Haci cooperation pot use. ⑤ proper ventilation to avoid planting too close. Article powdery mildew control methods: ① Adding P and K with resistant varieties. ② the early stages, spraying 25% Triadimefon WP 2000 times, or 20% Triadimefon emulsion 4000 times, 1000 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl, Nixon enemy 1000 times. Downy mildew: control methods, early onset, 50% sprayed zinc Dyson 600 times, 20% metalaxyl (Swiss drug mycophenolate) 400 times, 50% of the epidemic have a net effect of 4,000 times. Rust control methods: ① selection of female plants; ② 40% triadimefon spray 4000 times, or 20% of the EC 2000 times triadimefon spray; or 2000 times EC Triadimefon 20% spray; or spirits of ammonia with 20% hydrochloride EC 1000 times the control. Botrytis cinerea control methods :3-4 months, 80% used 500 times on behalf of Sen zinc, 1% Bordeaux mixture, 50% chlorine nitramine 1000 times, or 500% times 75% chlorothalonil, Choose one 10-day spray interval of time, spray 2-3 times. Anthracnose control methods: ① strengthening environmental health and conservation and management; ② incidence of diseased branches can be cut off and burned worms, and then spray Bordeaux mixture 1:1:100 protection, and anti-spreading, or spraying carbendazim 50% WP WP 500 times, or 50% of the hand-cloth-chun, 3-4 WP 500 times, 1 spray every 10-14 days. Ye ban DISEASE CONTROL METHODS: ① resistant varieties; ② 75% chlorothalonil can be used, 50% of the Torsen zinc, 50% of the enemy Kedan, choice of a transition are concentrated 500 times, 1 spray 10 days . Fusarium Wilt method: ① rotation; ② Select Mining sunny sandy soil loose soil; ③ before planting bulbs immersed in 50% Carbendazim 500 times in half an hour, and then mixed with powder of 50% Thiram after planting.

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